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Nearsightedness (myopia)
     Occurs when light entering the eye focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This is caused by the lens or the cornea that is steeper, or the eye that is longer, than a normal eye. Nearsighted people typically see well up close, but have difficulty seeing far away.

Farsightedness (hyperopia)
     Occurs when light entering the eye focuses behind the retina instead of directly on it. This is caused by a weakness in the ability of the lens and cornea to focus because one or the other does not have a steep enough curvature, or an eye that is smaller, than a normal eye. Farsighted people typically see objects at a distance clearly, but have difficulty seeing objects that are near.

Astigmatism
     Occurs when light entering the eyes and focus at different points causing blurring or angling part of what you see.

Presbyopia
     Or what many commonly refer to as farsightedness, which can cause confusion. Unlike hyperopia, presbyopia is a condition that comes with age. The lens becomes harder and gradually looses its elasticity. The eye muscles use for focusing becomes increasingly fatigued.
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